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Hillebrandia sandwicensis

Oliv. (1866)

This name is accepted

Kingdom: Viridiplantae Phylum: Magnoliophyta Class/Clade: Eudicot-Rosids Order: Cucurbitales Family: Begoniaceae Genus: Hillebrandia

aka‘aka‘awa [akaakaawa] (Kaua‘i), pua maka nui

Description

Key Characters:

Growth Form: Erect perennial herbs 5–15 dm tall.

Stems: Stems glabrous to sparsely pubescent with long reddish brown hairs ca. 2 mm long, from shallow, yellowish, tuberous rhizomes.

Roots:

Leaves: Leaves simple. Alternate and 2-ranked in caulescent species, many-ranked in acaulescent ones. Blades asymmetrical, suborbicular in outline, 10–25 cm in diameter. Surfaces hispidulous with short, white, papillose hairs, especially along the veins on lower surface. Margins irregularly 5–9-lobed; serrate. Petioles 10–22 cm long. Stipules ovate–cordate, 1.2–3 cm long, persistent.

Flowers: Flowers in axillary inflorescences. peduncles 10–30 cm long, bracts bright pink to white, cordate to ovate, 0.8–1.5 cm long. Flowers unisexual, often somewhat irregular. Each flower subtended by showy, colored bracts. Perianth of both sexes bright pink to white; pistillate flowers usually formed before staminate ones; staminate flowers with ovate sepals; pistillate flowers sepal lobes ovate–lanceolate, persistent on ovary. Sepal lobes ovate–lanceolate, persistent on ovary. Petals spatulate in both staminate and pistillate flowers. Stamens numerous; yellow, distinct; anthers opening by 2 lateral slits. Ovary partly inferior, wingless; 1-celled and imperfectly 5-celled in lower part by intrusion of the placenta; ovule placentation parietal; styles 5, distinct, bifid, the branches bearing spiral stigmatic lines.

Fruit: Capsules 0.8–1.3 cm in diameter. Seeds pale reddish brown; oblong; ca. 0.5 mm long.

Ploidy: 2n = 48*

Habitat: Local in open or shady; wet ravines in wet forest.

Elevation Range: 600–1,850 m.

Historical Distribution

Uses and Culture

USES

Natural History

Statewide Status

Endemic

Island Status

Kaua'i Endemic
O'ahu Endemic
Molokai Endemic
Maui Endemic

Dispersal Agents


Pollinators

Bibliography

Name Published In: Trans. Linn. Soc. London 25: 361 (1866)

Other References

Wagner et al. 1990:384 (K, O, Mo, M); Degener 2241 MPM (O†, 1927)

Occurrences

SNo. Scientific Name Locality Habitat Basis of Record Recorded By Record Number Island Source Date
1 Hillebrandia sandwicensis East Maui, Hana District, Kipahulu Forest Reserve, Manawainui drainage basin, Healani Stream near waterfalls. Vegetation: Metrosideros, Acacia, Ilex, Melicope, Leptecophylla, Myrsine, Coprosoma, Broussaisia, Dodonaea, Dicranopteris, Diplopterygium, Sticherus, Vaccinium, Dryopteris, Asplenium, Athyrium, Cibotium, Peperomia, Carex, Alyxia, Elaphoglossum, Microlepia Preserved_Specimen Oppenheimer, H.L. 51503 Maui BISH 2015-05-13
2 Hillebrandia sandwicensis West Maui, Lahaina District, Kaua`ula, north fork. on vertical south bank, 1-2m above perennial stream, on basalt ledges. Vegetation: Metrosideros, Cheirodendron, Clermontia, Perrottetia, Broussaisia, Cyrtandra, Pipturus, Touchardia, Urera, Diplazium, Cibotium, Sadleria, Coprosma, Kadua, Xylosma, Vandenboschia, Pneumatopteris, Christella, Freycinetia, Pteris, Buddleia, Adiantum, Pilea, Cyanea, Lobelia, Peperomia Preserved_Specimen Oppenheimer, H.L. 70902 Maui BISH 2009-07-01
3 Hillebrandia sandwicensis east Maui, Makawao District, Ko`olau FR, east fork of Honomanu Stream Scattered plants for 200m and locally common on steep to vertical walls along perennial stream. Vegetation: Metrosideros, Cheirodendron, Broussaisia, Kadua, Dicranopteris, Diplopterygium, Cibotium, Clermontia, Pipturus, Urera, Lobelia, Sadleria, Carex, Peperomia, Dubautia, Pilea, Deschampsia, Prunella, Rubus. Preserved_Specimen Oppenheimer, H.L. 91414 Maui BISH 2014-09-24
4 Hillebrandia sandwicensis Waikamoi Gulch Several places on walls of gulch. Preserved_Specimen Mitchell, A.L. 78 Maui BISH 1945-09-30
5 Hillebrandia sandwicensis Kokee moist ground among ferns Preserved_Specimen MacDaniels, L.H. 775 Kauai BISH 1927-02-18
6 Hillebrandia sandwicensis Mahanaloa Valley at junction with and above Kuia Valley, ca. 2.5 miles west of Highway 55 mixed mesophytic forest in valley bottom with Kukui, Diospyros, Pelea and Pleomele. Localized populations on shady, mossy cliff faces. Preserved_Specimen Lorence, D.H. 5108 Kauai BISH 1987-03-10
7 Hillebrandia sandwicensis along ditch trail from Idlewild for about 7 miles, Olinda along pipeline from Idlewild for about 4 miles Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 2241 Maui BISH 1927-06-19
8 Hillebrandia sandwicensis Kalaupapa; Puu Alii, SW reserve drainage below camp Metrosideros, Cheirodendron; wet forest Preserved_Specimen Wood, K.R. 11285 Molokai BISH 2005-04-27
9 Hillebrandia sandwicensis East Maui, Hana District, W fork of W Wailua Iki Single plant on steep slope to W of waterfall. Vegetation: Metrosideros, Cheirodendron, Perrottetia, Cibotium, Pneumatopteris, Kadua, Touchardia, Rubus, Coprosma, Athyrium, Diplopterygium, Dicranopteris, Sticherus, Broussaisia, Pipturus, Deschampsia, Peperomia, Adenophorus, Vandenboschia, Cyanea, Clermontia, Gunnera, Alyxia, Phyllostegia. Preserved_Specimen Oppenheimer, H.L. 110747 Maui BISH 2007-11-28
10 Hillebrandia sandwicensis East Maui, Waikamoi Rain forest Preserved_Specimen Neal, M.C. Maui BISH 1933-08-14
11 Hillebrandia sandwicensis Wet gullied region between Waikolu Valley and probably northern base of Puu Alii Open wet slope Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 9760 Molokai BISH 1928-04-10
12 Hillebrandia sandwicensis Kokee State Park Growing on oopen, wet bank where Kumuwela Trail comes closest to Kokee Stream. Preserved_Specimen Herbst, D.R. 1091 Kauai BISH 1968-04-27
13 Hillebrandia sandwicensis East Maui, Hana District, Koolau FR, headwaters of Heleleikeoha Steram Occasional along perennial stream. Vegetation: Metrosideros Montane Wet Forest. Preserved_Specimen Oppenheimer, H.L. 92258 Maui BISH 2022-09-26
14 Hillebrandia sandwicensis along ditch trail from Idlewild for about 7 miles, Olinda In deep, wet, rich ravine Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 2241 Maui BISH 1927-06-19
15 Hillebrandia sandwicensis along Kokee lookout road In densely shaded gully Preserved_Specimen Stone, B.C. 850 Kauai BISH 1955-06-19
16 Hillebrandia sandwicensis Waimea District. Kawaiula Valley, Kula Natural Area Reserve. Metrosideros - Acacia mesic forest with Alphitonia ponderosa, Diospyros sandwicensis, Dracaena aurea, Psychotria mariniana, Dodonaea viscosa, Wikstroemia furcata, Planchonella sandwicensis, Dryopteris glabra, Doodia kunthiana, Panicum n___ Preserved_Specimen Wood, K.R. 15958 Kauai BISH 2014-06-13
17 Hillebrandia sandwicensis Kokee State Park Growing on open, wet bank where Kumuwela Trail comes closest to Kokee Stream. Preserved_Specimen Herbst, D.R. 1091 Kauai BISH 1968-04-27
18 Hillebrandia sandwicensis East Maui, Hana District, Hanawi NAR, east fork of Hanawi Stream on E bank of large cliff below fence. Herbaceous herbs along perennial stream, on basalt ledges and banks. Vegetation: Metrosideros, Cheirodendron, Broussaisia, Perrottetia, Vaccinium, Leptocophylla, Dubautia, Coprosma, Rubus, Sadleria, Pipturus, Drypoteris, Lobelia, Clermontia, Kadua, Psychotria, Melicope, Myrsine, Scaevola, Athyrium, Diplazium, Asplenium, Pilea, Peperomia, Deschampsia, Uncinia, Pteris, Luzula, Cibotium, Cyanea, Gunnera, Amauropelta, Elaphoglossum Grammitis. Preserved_Specimen Oppenheimer, H.L. 80909 Maui BISH 2009-08-14
19 Hillebrandia sandwicensis Aina Hou-Koolau Gap, Haleakala-Koolau Gap Waterfall on west wall of Gap Preserved_Specimen Gillett, G.W. 1776 Maui BISH 1965-06-19
20 Hillebrandia sandwicensis Makawao District, Ahupuaa of Kalialinui, Upper Koolau Gap closed mesic Metrosideros forest with abundant ferns, esp. Dryopteris, 1.5 mi E of Hosmer's Grove Preserved_Specimen Higashino, P.K. 801 Maui BISH 1975-06-17
21 Hillebrandia sandwicensis West Maui, Lahaina District, slopes of Helu, south, upper slope of Kaua`ula Valley. on shady slope, not near running water. Vegetation: Metrosideros, Cheirodendron, Dodonaea, Kadua, Perottetia, Coprosma, Cibotium, Sadleria, Ilex, Tetraplasandra, Myrsine, Pittosporum, Wikstroemia, Freycinetia, Smilax, Dicranopteris, Scaevola, Clermontia, Christella, Alyxia, Peperomia, Carex, Elaphoglossum, Gunnera, Cyanea, Pseudophegopteris, Dubabutia, Broussaisia, Rubus, Cyrtandra, Astelia, Sticherus, Diplopterygium. Preserved_Specimen Oppenheimer, H.L. 61003 Maui BISH 2010-06-03
22 Hillebrandia sandwicensis Waikolu Gorge along pipeline trail, near tunnel Preserved_Specimen Cranwell, L.M. 2627 Molokai BISH 1938-07-13
23 Hillebrandia sandwicensis Ainahou valley on W side of Koolau Gap On wet canyon walls at base of gap Preserved_Specimen Gillett, G.W. 1922 Maui BISH 1966-07-05
24 Hillebrandia sandwicensis Kokee moist ground among ferns Preserved_Specimen MacDaniels, L.H. 775 Kauai BISH 1927-02-18
25 Hillebrandia sandwicensis East Maui, Koolau Forest Reserve under damp shaded ledge at base of waterfall with Coniogramme pilosa Preserved_Specimen Harrison, B. 342 Maui BISH 1973-07-22
26 Hillebrandia sandwicensis East Maui, Koolau Forest Reserve under damp shaded ledge at base of waterfall with Coniogramme pilosa Preserved_Specimen Harrison, B. 341 Maui BISH 1973-07-22
27 Hillebrandia sandwicensis Waimea District, Kokee State Park, Awaawapuhi Valley, NW side of Highway 550 mixed mesophytic forest with Metrosideros dominant. Localized population on top of low cliff in shade. Preserved_Specimen Lorence, D.H. 5291 Kauai BISH 1987-07-16
28 Hillebrandia sandwicensis Kawela, Kamakou Preserve, Kawela Gulch Growing on bank of streambed. Preserved_Specimen Anderson, S.J. 519 Molokai BISH 1982-05-22
29 Hillebrandia sandwicensis East Maui, Hana District, Hanawi NAR, west fork of Kuhiwa Stream on west bank of perennial stream. Vegetation: Metrosideros, Cheirodendron, Broussaisia, Perrottetia, Vaccinium, Leptecophylla, Dubautia, Coprosma, Rubus, Sadleria, Pipturus, Dryopteris, Lobelia, Clermontia, Kadua, Psychotria, Melicope, Myrsine, Scaevola, Athyrium, Diplazium, Asplenium, Pilea, Peperomia, Deschampsia, Uncinia, Pteris, Luzula, Cibotium, Elaphoglossum, Cyanea, Gunnera, Amauropelta, Grammitis. Preserved_Specimen Oppenheimer, H.L. 80912 Maui BISH 2009-08-15
30 Hillebrandia sandwicensis Hanalei District. Honopu, slopes around northern branch. Acacia koa-Metrosideros polymorpha-Dicranopteris linearis mesic to transitional wet forest and drainage w/ Diplopterygium pinnatum, Sticherus owhyhensis, Syzygium sandwicensis, Nestegis sandwicensis, Bobea brevipes, Ilex anomala, Wikstroemia furcata, Claoxylon sandwicensis, Polyscias waimeae, Melicope a Preserved_Specimen Wood, K.R. 16439 Kauai BISH 2015-05-02
31 Hillebrandia sandwicensis on trail off road leading to Kokee Hunting area #2 (by Kalalau Lookout) in wet, shaded fern growth; Preserved_Specimen Herbst, D.R. 1000 Kauai BISH 1968-03-29
32 Hillebrandia sandwicensis Wet gullied between Waikolu Valley and probably northern base of Puu Alii, Molokai, T. Hawaii Open wet slope Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 9760 Molokai BISH 1928-04-10
33 Hillebrandia sandwicensis Manawainui Gulch, S slope of Haleakala Manawainui gulch Preserved_Specimen Medeiros, A.C. 311 Maui BISH 1982-11-05
34 Hillebrandia sandwicensis Kokee, road from Kilohana lookout, Kalalau Valley, ca. 1/2 mile down road toward Kokee Lodge On steep hillside of Metrosideros forest. Preserved_Specimen Lamoureux, C.H. 3831 Kauai BISH 1967-03-28
35 Hillebrandia sandwicensis Puu Ka Pele Forest Reserve, Mahanaloa Valley growing on nearly vertical, moist banks. Preserved_Specimen Fay, J.J. 209 Kauai BISH 1974-05-21
36 Hillebrandia sandwicensis Hanalei District. Mohihi, slopes north of Mohihi-Waialae trail and down to stream. Metrosideros mixed montane wet forest; 7 meter canopy, 90% closed native cover with Polyscias waialealae, Syzygium sandwicensis, Cheirodendron spp., Dodonaea viscosa, Santalum pyrularium, Psychotria mariniana, 50% cover of shrubs Vaccinium calycinum, V. dentatum, Kadua affinis, Wik Preserved_Specimen Wood, K.R. 15933 Kauai BISH 2014-05-01
37 Hillebrandia sandwicensis Kaupo Trail Found growing on very wet cave in deep shade Preserved_Specimen Olson, G.E. 87 Maui BISH 1937-08-24
38 Hillebrandia sandwicensis Hana, W Kuhiwa Stream headwaters Metrosideros, Cheirodendron, Ilex, Myrsine, Melicope, Sadleria, Rubus, Dubautia, Pipturus, Dryopteris, Broussaisia, Clermontia, Asplenium, Elaphoglossum, Peperomia, Perrottetia, Smilax, Astelia, Uncinia, Deschampsia, Diplazium, Cyrtandra, Cyanea, Coprosma, Kadua, Stenogyne, Scaevola, Lellingeria, Athyrium Preserved_Specimen Oppenheimer, H.L. 80819 Maui BISH 2008-08-17
39 Hillebrandia sandwicensis along ditch trail in rain forest, Olinda in ravines in rainforest Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 9765 Maui BISH 1927-06-26
40 Hillebrandia sandwicensis Along Papaala Pali Extremely rainy region Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 9761 Molokai BISH 1928-06-06
41 Hillebrandia sandwicensis along ditch trail from Idlewild for about 7 miles, Olinda in deep wet rich ravine Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 2241 Maui BISH 1927-06-19
42 Hillebrandia sandwicensis along Kokee lookout road In densely shaded gully Preserved_Specimen Stone, B.C. 850 Kauai BISH 1955-06-19
43 Hillebrandia sandwicensis Awaawapuhi Trail, Kokee on moist stream bank with Pteris, Peperomia, Charpentiera elliptica, Dubautia, Straussia, blackberry. Preserved_Specimen Pearsall, G.A. 422 Kauai BISH 1959-07-09
44 Hillebrandia sandwicensis East Maui, Haleakala, in Aina Ho Valley region of Koolau Gap In gray soil of wet forest near waterfall, under shade of Metrosideros polymorpha trees, with Dubautia plantaginea var. platyphylla, Cheirodendron, Pittosporum, ferns. Preserved_Specimen Carlquist, S. 1930 Maui BISH 1966-07-05
45 Hillebrandia sandwicensis Waikamoi Forest, NW slope of Haleakala Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 8567 Maui BISH 1910-09-01
46 Hillebrandia sandwicensis East Maui, Hana District, Tr 17(46), SW Kipahulu Valley, along Kaukauai Gulch Wet koa-`ohi`a forest with other naive trees and a treefern, native shrub understory. Preserved_Specimen Pyle, P. 2879 Maui BISH 1980-07-22
47 Hillebrandia sandwicensis Kokee Camp Moist ravine Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 2092 Kauai BISH 1926-07-05
48 Hillebrandia sandwicensis Waimea District. Waialae Ridge, north facing slopes. Metrosideros-Acacia mesic forest w/ Cheirodendron spp, Melicope barbigera, M. clusiifolia, Dodnoaea viscosa, Santalum pyrularium, Elaeocarpus bifidus, Bidens cosmoides, Myrsine lanaiensis, Xylosama hawaiiense, Kadua affinis, Planchone Preserved_Specimen Wood, K.R. 18184 Kauai BISH 2019-05-08
49 Hillebrandia sandwicensis along ditch trail from Idlewild for about 7 miles, Olinda In deep, wet, rich ravine Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 2241 Maui BISH 1927-06-18
50 Hillebrandia sandwicensis Kokee, road from Kilohana lookout, Kalalau Valley, ca. 1/2 mile down road toward Kokee Lodge On steep hillside of Metrosideros forest. Preserved_Specimen Lamoureux, C.H. 3831 Kauai BISH 1967-03-28
51 Hillebrandia sandwicensis Waikamoi Forest, NW slope of Haleakala Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 8567 Maui BISH 1910-09-01
52 Hillebrandia sandwicensis Kopiwai, Kuia Valley Preserved_Specimen Hobdy, R.W. 125 Kauai BISH 1969-07-03
53 Hillebrandia sandwicensis W Maui, Waimee Gulch Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 78 Maui BISH 1910-05-01
54 Hillebrandia sandwicensis Waimea Preserved_Specimen Mann, H. 583 Kauai BISH 1864-01-01
55 Hillebrandia sandwicensis Ukulele Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 766 Maui BISH 1919-07-01
56 Hillebrandia sandwicensis Wailau Waterfall, Koolau Gap, Haleakala Crater Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 8631 Maui BISH 1910-10-01
57 Hillebrandia sandwicensis along cross-over between Awaawapuhi Trail and Nualolo Trail, Kokee Preserved_Specimen Herbst, D.R. 2441 Kauai BISH 1972-05-26
58 Hillebrandia sandwicensis slope of Haleakala Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 1838 Maui BISH 1920-03-04
59 Hillebrandia sandwicensis Wailau Waterfall, Koolau Gap, Haleakala Crater Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 8631 Maui BISH 1910-10-01
60 Hillebrandia sandwicensis Waihanau Waterfall, Waikolu Gorge Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 14040 Molokai BISH 1918-05-27
61 Hillebrandia sandwicensis Wailau Waterfall, Koolau Gap, Haleakala Crater Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 8631 Maui BISH 1910-10-01
62 Hillebrandia sandwicensis Halemanu Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 2203 Kauai BISH 1909-02-14
63 Hillebrandia sandwicensis Kokee Camp Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 2092 Kauai BISH 1926-07-05
64 Hillebrandia sandwicensis Maui Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. Maui BISH 1920-01-01
65 Hillebrandia sandwicensis Kaholuamanu Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 311 Kauai BISH 1909-09-01
66 Hillebrandia sandwicensis Keanae Gap, crater of Haleakala Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 1074 Maui BISH 1919-08-06
67 Hillebrandia sandwicensis Waihualele Gulch, S. slope Haleakala Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 1838 Maui BISH 1920-05-04
68 Hillebrandia sandwicensis Waimea gulch, W. Maui Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 78 Maui BISH 1910-05-01
69 Hillebrandia sandwicensis woods near Ukulele, above Olinda, E. Maui Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 175 Maui BISH 1910-07-01
70 Hillebrandia sandwicensis Hanalei Preserved_Specimen Mann, H. 583 Kauai BISH 1864-01-01
71 Hillebrandia sandwicensis unknown Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. BISH
72 Hillebrandia sandwicensis bank of stream, Kokee Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. Kauai BISH 1956-02-01
73 Hillebrandia sandwicensis unknown Preserved_Specimen BISH
74 Hillebrandia sandwicensis Poholua Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 85 Molokai BISH 1912-06-01
75 Hillebrandia sandwicensis unknown Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. BISH
76 Hillebrandia sandwicensis Waikolu Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. Molokai BISH 1918-04-01
77 Hillebrandia sandwicensis Kawela Gulch 50 ft on floor, near tunnel Preserved_Specimen Evans, E. Molokai BISH 1977-05-31
78 Hillebrandia sandwicensis Kauai Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. Kauai BISH 1909-01-01
79 Hillebrandia sandwicensis Waiho Preserved_Specimen Hillebrand, W.B. Maui BISH
80 Hillebrandia sandwicensis Waimea Preserved_Specimen Mann, H. Kauai BISH 1864-01-01
81 Hillebrandia sandwicensis unknown Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 5662 BISH 1909-01-01
82 Hillebrandia sandwicensis unknown Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 6131 BISH 1910-03-01
83 Hillebrandia sandwicensis unknown Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 5662 BISH 1909-01-01
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